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Catastrophe Theory and Its Applications Dover Publications Inc.

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Preface1 Smooth and sudden changes 1. Catastrophes 2. The Zeeman catastrophe machine 3. Gravitational catastrophe machines 4. Catastrophe theory2 Multidimensional geometry 1. Set-theoretic notation 2. Euclidean space 3. Linear transformations 4. Matrices 5. Quadratic forms 6. Two-variable cubic forms 7. Polynomial geometry3 Multidimensional calculus 1. Distance in Euclidean space 2. The derivative as tangent 3. Contours 4. Partial derivatives 5. Higher derivatives 6. Taylor series 7. Truncated algebra 8. The Inverse Function Theorem 9. The Implicit Function Theorem4 Critical points and transversality 1. Critical points 2. The Morse Lemma 3. Functions of a single variable 4. Functions of several variables 5. The Splitting Lemma 6. Structural stability 7. Manifolds 8. Transversality 9. Transversality and stability 10. Transversality for mappings 11. Codimension5 Machines revisited 1. The Zeeman machine 2. The canonical cusp catastrophe 3. Dynamics of the Zeeman machine 4. The gravitational machines 5. Formulation of a general problem6 Structural stability 1. Equivalence of families 2. Structural stabillty of families 3. Physical interpretations of structural stability 4. The Morse and Splitting Lemmas for families 5. Catastrophe geometry7 Thom's classification theorem 1. Functions and families of functions 2. One-parameter families 3. Non-transversaliity and symmetry 4. Two-parameter families 5. "Three-, four- and five-parameter families" 6. Higher catastrophes 7. Thom's theorem8 Determinacy and unfoldings 1. Determine and strong determinacy 2. One-variable jet spaces 3. Infinitesimal changes of variable 4. Weaker determinacy conditions 5. Transformations that move the origin 6. Tangency and transversality 7. Codimension and unfoldings 8. Transversality and universality 9. Strong equivalence of unfoldings 10. Numbers associated with singularities 11. Inequalities 12. Summary of results and calculation methods 13. Examples and calculations 14. Compulsory remarks on terminology9 The first seven catastrophe geometries 1. The objects of study 2. The fold catastrophe 3. The cusp catastrophe 4. The swallowtail catastrophe 5. The butterfly catastrophe 6. The elliptic umbilic 7. The hyperbolic umbilic 8. The parabolic umbilic 9. Ruled surfaces10 Stability of ships Static equilibrium 1. Buoyancy 2. Equilibrium 3. Stability 4. The vertical-sided ship 5. Geometry of the buoyancy locus 6. Metacentres Ship shapes 7. The elliptical ship 8. The rectangular ship 9. Three dimensions 10. Oil-rigs 11. Comparison with current methods11. The geometry of fluids Background on fluid mechanics 1. What we are describing 2. Stream functions 3. Examples of flows 4. Rotation 5. Complex variable methods Stability and experiment 6. Changes of variable 7. Heuristic programme 8. Experimental realization Combining polymer molecules 9. Non-Newtonian behaviour 10. Extensional flows Degenerate flows 11. The six-roll mill 12. The non-local bifurcation set of the elliptic umbilic 13. The six-roll mill with polymer solution 14. The 2n-roll mill12 Optics and scattering theory Ray optics 1. Caustics 2. The rainbow 3. Variational principles 4. Scattering Wave optics 5. Asymptotic solutions of wave equations 6. Oscillatory integrals 7. Universal unfoldings 8. Orders of caustics Applications 9. Scattering from a crystal lattice 10. Other caustics 11. Mirages 12. Sonic booms 13. Giant ocean waves13 Elastic structures General theory 1. Objects under stress 2. Elastic equilibria 3. Infinite-dimensional peculiarities Euler struts 4. Finite element vision 5. Classical (1744) variational version 6. Perturbation analysis 7. Modern functional analysis 8. The buckling of a spring 9. The pinned strut The geometry of collapse 10. Imperfection sensitivity 11. "(r, s)-Stability" 12. Optimization 13. Symmetry: rods and shells Buckling plates 14. The von Kármán equations 15. Unfolding a double eigenvalue Dynamics 16. Soft modes 17. Stiffness14 Thermodynamics and phase transitions Equations of state 1. van der Waals' equation 2. Ferromagnetism Thermodynamic potentials 3. Entropy 4. Transforming the maximum entropy principle 5. Legendre transformations 6. Explicit potentials 7. The Landau theory Fluctuations and critical exponents 8. Classical exponents 9. Topological tinkering 10. The rôle of fluctuations 11. Spatial variation 12. Partition functions   13. Renormalization group 14. Structural stability of renormalization The rôle of symmetry 15. Even functions 16. The shapes of rotating stars 17. Symmetry breaking 18. Tricritical points 19. Crystal symmetries 20. Spectrum singularities15 Laser physics Preliminaries 1. Atoms 2. Field 3. Interaction 4. Measurement The laser catastrophe 5. Unfolded Hamiltonian 6. Equations of motion 7. Mean field approximation 8. Boundary conditions 9. Non-equilibrium stationary manifold Experiments 10. Laser transition 11. Optical bistability 12. Photocount distributions Analytic correspondence 13. Equilibrium boundary conditions 14. Equilibrium manifold 15. Thermodynamic phase transition 16. Critical behaviour 17. Analytic correspondence of experiments &

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93,65 zł

Techniques and Applications of Path Integration Dover Publications Inc.

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Part I Introduction 1 Introduction and Defining the Path Integral Appendix: The Trotter Product Formula 2 Probabilities and Probability Amplitudes for Paths 3 Correspondence Limit for the Path Integral (Heuristic) Appendix: Useful Integrals 4 Vector Potentials and Another Proof of the Path Integral Formula 5 The Ito Integral and Gauge Transformations 6 Doing the Integral: Free Particle and Quadratic Lagrangians Appendix: Exactness of the Sum over Classical Paths 7 Properties of Green's Functions; the Feynman-Kac Formula 8 Functional Derivatives and Commutation Relations 9 Brownian Motion and the Wiener Integral; Kac's Proof 10 Perturbation Theory and Feynman DiagramsPart II Selected Applications of the Path Integral 11 Asymptotic Analysis 12 The Calculus of Variations 13 The WKB Approximation and its Application to the Anharmonic Oscillator 14 Detailed Presentation of the WKB Approximation 15 WKB Near Caustics 16 Caustics and Uniform Asymptotic Approximations 17 The Phase of the Semiclassical Amplitude 18 The Semiclassical Propagator as a Function of Energy 19 Scattering Theory 20 Geometrical Optics 21 The Polaron 22 Spin and Related Matters 22.1 The Direct Method-Product Integrals or Time Ordered Products 22.2 Continuous Models for Spin 23 Path Integrals for Multiply Connected Spaces 23.1 Particle Constrained to a Circle 23.2 Rudiments of Homotopy Theory 23.3 Homotopy Applied to the Path Integral 23.4 Extensions of Symmetric Operators 24 Quantum Mechanics on Curved Spaces 25 Relativistic Propagators and Black Holes 26 Applications to Statistical Mechanics 27 Coherent State Representation 28 Systems with Random Impurities 29 Critical Droplets, Alias Instantons, and Metastability Appendix: Small Oscillations about the Instanton 30 Renormalization and Scaling for Critical Phenomena 31 Phase Space Path Integral 32 Omissions, Miscellany, and Prejudices 32.1 Field Theory 32.2 Uncompleting the Square 32.3 Rubber: Path Integral Formulation of a Polymer as a Random Walk 32.4 Hard Sphere Gas Second Virial Coefficient 32.5 Adding Paths by Computer 32.6 A Perturbation Expansion Using the Path Integral 32.7 Solvable Path Integral with the Potential ax2 + b/x2 32.8 Superfluidity 32.9 Fermions 32.10 Books and Review Papers on Path IntegralsAuthor IndexSubject IndexSupplements

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