164,90 zł

Quantum Field Theory Dover Publications Inc.

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

PrefaceGeneral References1. Classical Theory 1.1 Principle of Least Action 1.1.1 Classical Motion 1.1.2 Electromagnetic Field as an Infinite Dynamical System 1.1.3 Electromagnetic Interaction of a Point Particle 1.2 Symmetries and Conservation Laws 1.2.1 Fundamental Invariants 1.2.2 Energy Momentum Tensor 1.2.3 Internal Symmetries 1.3 Propagation and Radiation 1.3.1 Green Functions 1.3.2 Radiation2. The Dirac Equation 2.1 Toward a Relativistic Wave Equation 2.1.1 Quantum Mechanics and Relativity 2.1.2 The Dirac Equation 2.1.3 Relativistic Covariance 2.2 Physical Content 2.2.1 Plane Wave Solutions and Projectors 2.2.2 Wave Packets 2.2.3 Electromagnetic Coupling 2.2.4 Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformation 2.3 Hydrogen-like Atoms 2.3.1 Nonrelativistic versus Relativistic Spectrum 2.3.2 Dirac Theory 2.4 Hole Theory and Charge Conjugation 2.4.1 Reinterpretation of Negative Energy Solutions 2.4.2 Charge Conjugation 2.4.3 Zero-Mass Particles 2.5 Dirac Propagator 2.5.1 Free Propagator 2.5.2 Propagation in an Arbitrary External Electromagnetic Field 2.5.3 Application to the Coulomb Scattering 2.5.4 Fock-Schwinger Proper Time Method3. Quantization--Free Fields 3.1 Canonical Quantization 3.1.1 General Formulation 3.1.2 Scalar Field 3.1.3 Charged Scalar Field 3.1.4 Time-Ordered Product 3.1.5 Thermodynamic Equilibrium 3.2 Quantized Radiation Field 3.2.1 Indefinite Metric 3.2.2 Propagator 3.2.3 Massive Vector Field 3.2.4 Vacuum Fluctuations 3.3 Dirac Field and Exclusion Principle 3.3.1 Anticommutators 3.3.2 Fock Space for Fermions 3.3.3 Relation between Spin and Statistics--Propagator 3.4 Discrete Symmetries 3.4.1 Parity 3.4.2 Charge Conjugation 3.4.3 Time Reversal 3.4.4 Summary4. Interaction with an External Field 4.1 Quantized Electromagnetic Field Interacting with a Classical Source 4.1.1 Emission Probabilities 4.1.2 Emitted Energy and the Infrared Catastrophe 4.1.3 Induced Absorption and Emission 4.1.4 S Matrix and Evolution Operator 4.2 Wick's Theorem 4.2.1 Bose Fields 4.2.2 Fermi Fields 4.2.3 General Case 4.3 Quantized Dirac Field Interacting with a Classical Potential 4.3.1 General Formalism 4.3.2 Emission Rate to Lowest Order 4.3.3 Pair Creation in a Constant Uniform Electric Field 4.3.4 The Euler-Heisenberg Effective Lagrangian5. Elementary Processes 5.1 S Matrix and Asymptotic Theory 5.1.1 Cross Sections 5.1.2 Asymptotic Theory 5.1.3 Reduction Formulas 5.1.4 Generating Functional 5.1.5 Connected Parts 5.1.6 Fermions 5.1.7 Photons 5.2 Applications 5.2.1 Compton Effect 5.2.2 Pair Annihilation 5.2.3 Positronium Lifetime 5.2.4 Bremsstrahlung 5.3 Unitarity and Causality 5.3.1 Unitarity and Partial Wave Decomposition 5.3.2 Causality and Analyticity 5.3.3 The Jost-Lehmann-Dyson Representation 5.3.4 Forward Dispersion Relations 5.3.5 Momentum Transfer Analyticity6. Perturbation Theory 6.1 Interaction Representation and Feynman Rules 6.1.1 Self-Interacting Scalar Field 6.1.2 Feynman Rules for Spinor Electrodynamics 6.1.3 Electron-Electron and Electron-Positron Scattering 6.1.4 Scalar Electrodynamics 6.2 Diagrammatics 6.2.1 Loopwise Expansion 6.2.2 Truncated and Proper Diagrams 6.2.3 Parametric Representation 6.2.4 Euclidean Green Functions 6.3 Analyticity Properties 6.3.1 Landau Equations 6.3.2 Real Singularities 6.3.3 Real Singularities of Simple Diagrams 6.3.4 Physical-Region Singularities. Cutkosky Rules7. Radiative Corrections 7.1 One-Loop Renormalization 7.1.1 Vacuum Polarization 7.1.2 Electron Propagator 7.1.3 Vertex Function 7.1.4 Summary 7.2 Radiative Corrections to the Interaction with an External Field 7.2.1 Effective Interaction and Anomalous Magnetic Moment 7.2.2 Radiative Corrections to Coulomb Scattering 7.2.3 Soft Bremsstrahlung 7.2.4 Finite Inclusive Cross Section 7.3 New Effects 7.3.1 Photon-Photon Scattering 7.3.2 Lamb Shift 7.3.3 Van der Waals Forces at Large Distances8. Renormalization 8.1 Regularization and Power Counting 8.1.1 Introduction 8.1.2 Regularization 8.1.3 Power Counting 8.1.4 Convergence Theorem 8.2 Renormalization 8.2.1 Normalization Conditions and Structure of the Counterterms 8.2.2 Bogoliubov's Recursion Formula 8.2.3 Zimmermann's Explicit Solution 8.2.4 Renormalization in Parametric Space 8.2.5 Finite Renormalizations 8.2.6 Composite Operators 8.3 Zero-Mass Limit, Asymptotic Behavior, and Weinberg's Theorem 8.3.1 Massless Theories 8.3.2 Ultraviolet Behavior and Weinberg's Theorem 8.4 The Case of Quantum Electrodynamics 8.4.1 Formal Derivation of the Ward-Takahashi Identities 8.4.2 Pauli-Villars Regularization to All Orders 8.4.3 Renormalization 8.4.4 Two-Loop Vacuum Polarization9. Functional Methods 9.1 Path Integrals 9.1.1 The Role of the Classical Action in Quantum Mechanics 9.1.2 Trajectories in the Bargmann-Fock Space 9.1.3 Fermion Systems 9.2 Relativistic Formulation 9.2.1 S Matrix and Green Functions in Terms of Path Integrals 9.2.2 Effective Action and Steepest-Descent Method 9.3 Constrained Systems 9.3.1 General Discussion 9.3.2 The Electromagnetic Field as an Example 9.4 Large Orders in Perturbation Theory 9.4.1 Introduction 9.4.2 Anharmonic Oscillator10. Integral Equations and Bound-State Problems 10.1 The Dyson-Schwinger Equations 10.1.1 Field Equations 10.1.2 Renormalization 10.2 Relativistic Bound States 10.2.1 Homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter Equation 10.2.2 The Wick Rotation 10.2.3 Scalar Massless Exchange in the Ladder Approximation&n 12.3 The Effective Action at the One-Loop Order 12.3.1 General Form 12.3.2 Two-Point Function 12.3.3 Other Functions 12.3.4 One-Loop Renormalization 12.4 Renormalization 12.4.1 Slavnov-Taylor Identities 12.4.2 Identities for Proper Functions 12.4.3 Recursive Construction of the Counterterms 12.4.4 Gauge Dependence of Green Functions 12.4.5 Anomalies 12.5 Massive Gauge Fields 12.5.1 Historical Background 12.5.2 Massive Gauge Theory 12.5.3 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 12.5.4 Renormalization of Spontaneously Broken Gauge 12.5.5 Gauge Independence and Unitarity of the S Matrix 12.6 The Weinberg-Salam Model 12.6.1 The Model for Leptons 12.6.2 Electron-Neutrino Cross Sections 12.6.3 Higher-Order Corrections 12.6.4 Incorporation of Hadrons13. Asymptotic Behavior 13.1 Effective Charge in Electrodynamics 13.1.1 The Gell-Mann and Low Function 13.1.2 The Callan-Symanzik Equation 13.2 Broken Scale Invariance 13.2.1 Scale and Conformal Invariance 13.2.2 Modified Ward Identities 13.2.3 Callan-Symanzik Coefficients to Lowest Order 13.3 Scale Invariance Recovered 13.3.1 Coupling Constant Flow 13.3.2 Asymptotic Freedom 13.3.3 Mass Corrections 13.4 Deep Inelastic Lepton-Hadron Scattering and Electron-Positron Annihilation into Hadrons 13.4.1 Electroproduction 13.4.2 Light-Cone Dynamics 13.4.3 Electron-Positron Annihilation 13.5 Operator Product Expansions 13.5.1 Short-Distance Expansion 13.5.2 Dominant and Subdominant Operators, Operator Mixing, and Conservation Laws 13.5.3 Light-Cone ExpansionAppendixA-1 MetricA-2 Dirac Matrices and SpinorsA-3 Normalization of States, S Matrix, Unitarity, and Cross SectionsA-4 Feynman RulesIndex

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612,12 zł

Quantum Field Theory Cambridge University Press

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

This book is a modern pedagogic introduction to the ideas and techniques of quantum field theory. After a brief overview of particle physics and a survey of relativistic wave equations and Lagrangian methods, the quantum theory of scalar and spinor fields, and then of gauge fields, is developed. The emphasis throughout is on functional methods, which have played a large part in modern field theory. The book concludes with a brief survey of 'topological' objects in field theory and, new to this edition, a chapter devoted to supersymmetry.

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94,93 zł

Variational Principles of Mechanics Dover Publications

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Introduction 1. The variational approach to mechanics 2. The procedure of Euler and Lagrange 3. Hamilton's procedure 4. The calculus of variations 5. Comparison between the vectorial and the variational treatments of mechanics 6. Mathematical evaluation of the variational principles 7. Philosophical evaluation of the variational approach to mechanics I. The Basic Concepts of Analytical Mechanics 1. The Principal viewpoints of analytical mechanics 2. Generalized coordinates 3. The configuration space 4. Mapping of the space on itself 5. Kinetic energy and Riemannian geometry 6. Holonomic and non-holonomic mechanical systems 7. Work function and generalized force 8. Scleronomic and rheonomic systems. The law of the conservation of energy II. The Calculus of Variations 1. The general nature of extremum problems 2. The stationary value of a function 3. The second variation 4. Stationary value versus extremum value 5. Auxiliary conditions. The Lagrangian lambda-method 6. Non-holonomic auxiliary conditions 7. The stationary value of a definite integral 8. The fundamental processes of the calculus of variations 9. The commutative properties of the delta-process 10. The stationary value of a definite integral treated by the calculus of variations 11. The Euler-Lagrange differential equations for n degrees of freedom 12. Variation with auxiliary conditions 13. Non-holonomic conditions 14. Isoperimetric conditions 15. The calculus of variations and boundary conditions. The problem of the elastic bar III. The principle of virtual work 1. The principle of virtual work for reversible displacements 2. The equilibrium of a rigid body 3. Equivalence of two systems of forces 4. Equilibrium problems with auxiliary conditions 5. Physical interpretation of the Lagrangian multiplier method 6. Fourier's inequality IV. D'Alembert's principle 1. The force of inertia 2. The place of d'Alembert's principle in mechanics 3. The conservation of energy as a consequence of d'Alembert's principle 4. Apparent forces in an accelerated reference system. Einstein's equivalence hypothesis 5. Apparent forces in a rotating reference system 6. Dynamics of a rigid body. The motion of the centre of mass 7. Dynamics of a rigid body. Euler's equations 8. Gauss' principle of least restraint V. The Lagrangian equations of motion 1. Hamilton's principle 2. The Lagrangian equations of motion and their invariance relative to point transformations 3. The energy theorem as a consequence of Hamilton's principle 4. Kinosthenic or ignorable variables and their elimination 5. The forceless mechanics of Hertz 6. The time as kinosthenic variable; Jacobi's principle; the principle of least action 7. Jacobi's principle and Riemannian geometry 8. Auxiliary conditions; the physical significance of the Lagrangian lambda-factor 9. Non-holonomic auxiliary conditions and polygenic forces 10. Small vibrations about a state of equilibrium VI. The Canonical Equations of motion 1. Legendre's dual transformation 2. Legendre's transformation applied to the Lagrangian function 3. Transformation of the Lagrangian equations of motion 4. The canonical integral 5. The phase space and the space fluid 6. The energy theorem as a consequence of the canonical equations 7. Liouville's theorem 8. Integral invariants, Helmholtz' circulation theorem 9. The elimination of ignorable variables 10. The parametric form of the canonical equations VII. Canonical Transformations 1. Coordinate transformations as a method of solving mechanical problems 2. The Lagrangian point transformations 3. Mathieu's and Lie's transformations 4. The general canonical transformation 5. The bilinear differential form 6. The bracket expressions of Lagrange and Poisson 7. Infinitesimal canonical transformations 8. The motion of the phase fluid as a continuous succession of canonical transformations 9. Hamilton's principal function and the motion of the phase fluid VIII. The Partial differential equation of Hamilton-Jacobi 1. The importance of the generating function for the problem of motion 2. Jacobi's transformation theory 3. Solution of the partial differential equation by separation 4. Delaunay's treatment of separable periodic systems 5. The role of the partial differential equation in the theories of Hamilton and Jacobi 6. Construction of Hamilton's principal function with the help of Jacobi's complete solution 7. Geometrical solution of the partial differential equation. Hamilton's optico-mechanical analogy 8. The significance of Hamilton's partial differential equation in the theory of wave motion 9. The geometrization of dynamics. Non-Riemannian geometrics. The metrical significance of Hamilton's partial differential equation IX. Relativistic Mechanics 1. Historical Introduction 2. Relativistic kinematics 3. Minkowski's four-dimensional world 4. The Lorentz transformations 5. Mechanics of a particle 6. The Hamiltonian formulation of particle dynamics 7. The potential energy V 8. Relativistic formulation of Newton's scalar theory of gravitation 9. Motion of a charged particle 10. Geodesics of a four-dimensional world 11. The planetary orbits in Einstein's gravitational theory 12. The gravitational bending of light rays 13. The gravitational red-shirt of the spectral lines Bibliography X. Historical Survey XI. Mechanics of the Continua 1. The variation of volume integrals 2. Vector-analytic tools 3. Integral theorems 4. The conservation of mass 5. Hydrodynamics of ideal fluids 6. The hydrodynamic equations in Lagrangian formulation 7. Hydrostatics 8. The circulation theorem 9. Euler's form of the hydrodynamic equations 10. The conservation of energy 11. Elasticity. Mathematical tools 12. The strain tensor 13. The stress tensor 14. Small elastic vibrations 15. The Hamiltonization of variational problems 16. Young's modulus. Poisson's ratio 17. Elastic stability 18. Electromagnetism. Mathematical tools 19. The Maxwell equations 20. Noether's principle 21. Transformation of the coordinates 22. The symmetric energy-momentum tensor 23. The ten conservation laws 24. The dynamic law in field theoretical derivation Appendix I; Appendix II; Bibliography; Index

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120,89 zł

Variational Principles of Mechanics Dover Publications Inc.

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Introduction 1. The variational approach to mechanics 2. The procedure of Euler and Lagrange 3. Hamilton's procedure 4. The calculus of variations 5. Comparison between the vectorial and the variational treatments of mechanics 6. Mathematical evaluation of the variational principles 7. Philosophical evaluation of the variational approach to mechanicsI. The Basic Concepts of Analytical Mechanics 1. The Principal viewpoints of analytical mechanics 2. Generalized coordinates 3. The configuration space 4. Mapping of the space on itself 5. Kinetic energy and Riemannian geometry 6. Holonomic and non-holonomic mechanical systems 7. Work function and generalized force 8. Scleronomic and rheonomic systems. The law of the conservation of energyII. The Calculus of Variations 1. The general nature of extremum problems 2. The stationary value of a function 3. The second variation 4. Stationary value versus extremum value 5. Auxiliary conditions. The Lagrangian lambda-method 6. Non-holonomic auxiliary conditions 7. The stationary value of a definite integral 8. The fundamental processes of the calculus of variations 9. The commutative properties of the delta-process 10. The stationary value of a definite integral treated by the calculus of variations 11. The Euler-Lagrange differential equations for n degrees of freedom 12. Variation with auxiliary conditions 13. Non-holonomic conditions 14. Isoperimetric conditions 15. The calculus of variations and boundary conditions. The problem of the elastic barIII. The principle of virtual work 1. The principle of virtual work for reversible displacements 2. The equilibrium of a rigid body 3. Equivalence of two systems of forces 4. Equilibrium problems with auxiliary conditions 5. Physical interpretation of the Lagrangian multiplier method 6. Fourier's inequalityIV. D'Alembert's principle 1. The force of inertia 2. The place of d'Alembert's principle in mechanics 3. The conservation of energy as a consequence of d'Alembert's principle 4. Apparent forces in an accelerated reference system. Einstein's equivalence hypothesis 5. Apparent forces in a rotating reference system 6. Dynamics of a rigid body. The motion of the centre of mass 7. Dynamics of a rigid body. Euler's equations 8. Gauss' principle of least restraintV. The Lagrangian equations of motion 1. Hamilton's principle 2. The Lagrangian equations of motion and their invariance relative to point transformations 3. The energy theorem as a consequence of Hamilton's principle 4. Kinosthenic or ignorable variables and their elimination 5. The forceless mechanics of Hertz 6. The time as kinosthenic variable; Jacobi's principle; the principle of least action 7. Jacobi's principle and Riemannian geometry 8. Auxiliary conditions; the physical significance of the Lagrangian lambda-factor 9. Non-holonomic auxiliary conditions and polygenic forces 10. Small vibrations about a state of equilibriumVI. The Canonical Equations of motion 1. Legendre's dual transformation 2. Legendre's transformation applied to the Lagrangian function 3. Transformation of the Lagrangian equations of motion 4. The canonical integral 5. The phase space and the space fluid 6. The energy theorem as a consequence of the canonical equations 7. Liouville's theorem 8. Integral invariants, Helmholtz' circulation theorem 9. The elimination of ignorable variables 10. The parametric form of the canonical equationsVII. Canonical Transformations 1. Coordinate transformations as a method of solving mechanical problems 2. The Lagrangian point transformations 3. Mathieu's and Lie's transformations 4. The general canonical transformation 5. The bilinear differential form 6. The bracket expressions of Lagrange and Poisson 7. Infinitesimal canonical transformations 8. The motion of the phase fluid as a continuous succession of canonical transformations 9. Hamilton's principal function and the motion of the phase fluidVIII. The Partial differential equation of Hamilton-Jacobi 1. The importance of the generating function for the problem of motion 2. Jacobi's transformation theory 3. Solution of the partial differential equation by separation 4. Delaunay's treatment of separable periodic systems 5. The role of the partial differential equation in the theories of Hamilton and Jacobi 6. Construction of Hamilton's principal function with the help of Jacobi's complete solution 7. Geometrical solution of the partial differential equation. Hamilton's optico-mechanical analogy 8. The significance of Hamilton's partial differential equation in the theory of wave motion 9. The geometrization of dynamics. Non-Riemannian geometrics. The metrical significance of Hamilton's partial differential equationIX. Relativistic Mechanics 1. Historical Introduction 2. Relativistic kinematics 3. Minkowski's four-dimensional world 4. The Lorentz transformations 5. Mechanics of a particle 6. The Hamiltonian formulation of particle dynamics 7. The potential energy V 8. Relativistic formulation of Newton's scalar theory of gravitation 9. Motion of a charged particle 10. Geodesics of a four-dimensional world 11. The planetary orbits in Einstein's gravitational theory 12. The gravitational bending of light rays 13. The gravitational red-shirt of the spectral lines BibliographyX. Historical SurveyXI. Mechanics of the Continua 1. The variation of volume integrals 2. Vector-analytic tools 3. Integral theorems 4. The conservation of mass 5. Hydrodynamics of ideal fluids 6. The hydrodynamic equations in Lagrangian formulation 7. Hydrostatics 8. The circulation theorem 9. Euler's form of the hydrodynamic equations 10. The conservation of energy 11. Elasticity. Mathematical tools 12. The strain tensor 13. The stress tensor 14. Small elastic vibrations 15. The Hamiltonization of variational problems 16. Young's modulus. Poisson's ratio 17. Elastic stability 18. Electromagnetism. Mathematical tools 19. The Maxwell equations 20. Noether's principle 21. Transformation of the coordinates 22. The symmetric energy-momentum tensor 23. The ten conservation laws 24. The dynamic law in field theoretical derivation Appendix I; Appendix II; Bibliography; Index

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330,72 zł

Electromagnetism Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Physics is part of any curriculum in science and engineering. The main objective of this course is to help students of engineering and other sciences in more advanced courses in these fields. The textbook will introduce the students to the fundamental concepts of physics and how different theories developed from physical observations and phenomena.It starts with electrostatics in free space, introducing basic concepts, such as Coulomb's electric charge law and ideas of electric field and electric field lines (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 introduces the electric flux and Gauss's law. Electrostatic potential and electrostatic potential energy are introduced in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents the concepts of capacitance and dielectrics. Also, the electrostatics of a macroscopic medium and Maxwell's equations of the electrostatic field are discussed.Chapter 5 introduces the concepts of electric current and Ohm's law. Chapter 6 continues with the magnetic field and its interactions with charges and currents. Then, Chapter 7 introduces the concept of magnetic field sources, where Biot-Savart law and Amp

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