241,70 zł

Committing to Peace Princeton University Press

Inne 1

Why do some civil wars end in successfully implemented peace settlements while others are fought to the finish? Numerous competing theories address this question. Yet not until now has a study combined the historical sweep, empirical richness, and conceptual rigor necessary to put them thoroughly to the test and draw lessons invaluable to students, scholars, and policymakers. Using data on every civil war fought between 1940 and 1992, Barbara Walter details the conditions that lead combatants to partake in what she defines as a three-step process--the decision on whether to initiate negotiations, to compromise, and, finally, to implement any resulting terms. Her key finding: rarely are such conflicts resolved without active third-party intervention. Walter argues that for negotiations to succeed it is not enough for the opposing sides to resolve the underlying issues behind a civil war. Instead the combatants must clear the much higher hurdle of designing credible guarantees on the terms of agreement--something that is difficult without outside assistance. Examining conflicts from Greece to Laos, China to Columbia, Bosnia to Rwanda, Walter confirms just how crucial the prospect of third-party security guarantees and effective power-sharing pacts can be--and that adversaries do, in fact, consider such factors in deciding whether to negotiate or fight. While taking many other variables into account and acknowledging that third parties must also weigh the costs and benefits of involvement in civil war resolution, this study reveals not only how peace is possible, but probable

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285,00 zł

Liberal Peace Taylor & Francis Ltd

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

This volume is a collection of the best essays by Prof. Michael Doyle on the topics of liberalism and peace. The connection between liberalism and peace is important because liberal republics have proven to be the dominant practice in the international system. For many, they are the ideal of modern politics and their separate peace has emerged as the most significant and stable zone of peace in modern world history. This collection includes Prof. Doyle's seminal articles from the 1980s, which helped launch the 'Democratic Peace' debate, through to the policy implications of liberal internationalism in the post-Cold War era. The volume concludes with a new essay that addresses a variety of criticisms that have been made of his interpretation of the liberal peace. This book will be essential reading for students of democratic peace theory, International Relations theory, foreign policy, political science, and peace and security studies.

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444,59 zł

Soviet-Polish Peace of 1921 and the Creation of Interwar Europe Yale University Press

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

The Soviet-Polish peace treaty of 1921, also known as the 'Riga peace', ended the war of 1919-1920 and may be considered the most important Eastern European treaty of the interwar period. This deeply researched book offers the first post-Soviet account of how Bolshevik Russia and Poland came to sign the treaty - a pact that established the central part of the Soviet western border and provided Eastern Europe with a measure of stability that lasted until 1939.Jerzy Borzecki draws on a wealth of untapped materials in Russian and Polish archives to recreate the negotiations and behind-the-scenes manoeuvres leading up to and surrounding the treaty. He examines the significance of the agreement not only to its signatories but also to Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Latvia. The Riga peace represented an authentic compromise between Poland and Bolshevik Russia, Borzecki shows, and he offers new interpretations of other crucial aspects of the negotiations as well.

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78,28 zł

Sex and World Peace Columbia University Press

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Sex and World Peace unsettles a variety of assumptions in political and security discourse, demonstrating that the security of women is a vital factor in the security of the state and its incidence of conflict and war. The authors compare micro-level gender violence and macro-level state peacefulness in global settings, supporting their findings with detailed analyses and color maps. Harnessing an immense amount of data, they call attention to discrepancies between national laws protecting women and the enforcement of those laws, and they note the adverse effects on state security of abnormal sex ratios favoring males, the practice of polygamy, and inequitable realities in family law, among other gendered aggressions. The authors find that the treatment of women informs human interaction at all levels of society. Their research challenges conventional definitions of security and democracy and shows that the treatment of gender, played out on the world stage, informs the true clash of civilizations.In terms of resolving these injustices, the authors examine top-down and bottom-up approaches to healing wounds of violence against women, as well as ways to rectify inequalities in family law and the lack of parity in decision-making councils. Emphasizing the importance of an R2PW, or state responsibility to protect women, they mount a solid campaign against women's systemic insecurity, which effectively unravels the security of all.

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370,51 zł

Unselfishly for Peace and Justice Pohjois-Suomen Historiallinen Yhdistys Ry

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

This study examines the rhetoric used by the great powers in the United Nations Security Council in the context of the international crises that occurred between 1946 and 1956. The topic is an important one, in that, first and foremost, the arguments the great powers presented to the public in the context of various international crises represent integral parts of those powers political agendas. Thus these arguments warrant a fundamental assessment. Additionally, the United Nations Security Council, which became functional in early 1946, represented the most central and enduring forum for debating international crises after the Second World War. To the great powers, the Security Council represented a public forum of sorts, one where they might justify their political positions, undermine the policies of their opponents, or sway the dissenting nations around to their point of view.

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183,80 zł

When Peace Is Not Enough The University of Chicago Press

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The state of Israel is often spoken of as a haven for the Jewish people, a place rooted in the story of a nation dispersed, wandering the earth in search of its homeland. Born in adversity but purportedly nurtured by liberal ideals, Israel has never known peace, experiencing instead a state of constant war that has divided its population along the stark and seemingly unbreachable lines of dissent around the relationship between unrestricted citizenship and Jewish identity. By focusing on the perceptions and histories of Israel's most marginalized stakeholders - Palestinian Israelis; Arab Jews, and non-Israeli Jews - Atalia Omer cuts to the heart of the Israeli-Arab conflict, demonstrating how these voices provide urgently needed resources for conflict analysis and peace building. Navigating a complex set of arguments about ethnicity, boundaries, and peace and offering a different approach to the renegotiation and reimagination of national identity and citizenship, Omer pushes the conversation beyond the bounds of the single narrative and toward a new and dynamic concept of justice - one that offers the prospect of building a lasting peace.

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683,87 zł

Peace Pedagogies in Bosnia and Herzegovina Springer, Berlin

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This collection presents interdisciplinary perspectives on educating for peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It explores a range of theories, contexts, pedagogies and practices within formal education settings and draws attention to the multiple roles that teachers play in fostering socially transformative learning. The work offers readers a critical exploration of peace pedagogy as an imagined ideal and fluid space between post-war educational politics, institutional and curricular constraints, and the lived experiences and identities of teachers and students in socially- and historically situated communities.

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113,90 zł

Electing to Fight Why Emerging Democracies Go to War MIT Press Massachusets Institute of Tech nology

Inne 1

Does the spread of democracy really contribute to international peace? Successive U. S. administrations have justified various policies intended to promote democracy not only by arguing that democracy is intrinsically good but by pointing to a wide range of research concluding that democracies rarely, if ever, go to war with one another. To promote democracy, the United States has provided economic assistance, political support, and technical advice to emerging democracies in Eastern and Central Europe, and it has attempted to remove undemocratic regimes through political pressure, economic sanctions, and military force. In Electing to Fight, Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder challenge the widely accepted basis of these policies by arguing that states in the early phases of transitions to democracy are more likely than other states to become involved in war. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative analysis, Mansfield and Snyder show that emerging democracies with weak political institutions are especially likely to go to war. Leaders of these countries attempt to rally support by invoking external threats and resorting to belligerent, nationalist rhetoric. Mansfield and Snyder point to this pattern in cases ranging from revolutionary France to contemporary Russia. Because the risk of a state's being involved in violent conflict is high until democracy is fully consolidated, Mansfield and Snyder argue, the best way to promote democracy is to begin by building the institutions that democracy requires -- such as the rule of law -- and only then encouraging mass political participation and elections. Readers will find this argument particularly relevant to prevailing concerns about the transitional government in Iraq. Electing to Fight also calls into question the wisdom of urging early elections elsewhere in the Islamic world and in China. Edward D. Mansfield is Hum Rosen Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of Power, Trade, and War and International Conflict and the Global Economy. Jack Snyder is the Robert and Renée Belfer Professor of International Relations at Columbia University. He is the author of From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict; Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition; and The Ideology of the Offensive: Military Decision Making and the Disasters of 1914."American foreign policy has been based on the premise that democracy promotes peace. Electing to Fight conclusively shows, however, that democratization, when mishandled, leads to war. Its challenge to the conventional beliefs of scholars and politicians makes it one of the most important books on international affairs in recent decades." --Samuel P. Huntington, Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor, Harvard University "Everyone agrees that democracies make peace not war. But is that true? Jack Snyder and Edward Mansfield have posed the question and answered it with great rigor and sophistication. The result is an important book that describes a far more complicated relationship between democratization and peace than simple-minded rhetoric would suggest." --Fareed Zakaria, Editor, Newsweek International "With notable analytic agility and rigorous empiricism Mansfield and Snyder dissect the popular policy nostrum that promoting democracy abroad promotes peace in the world. Their incisive work will help policymakers steer clear of misleading, facile assumptions and impel scholars to dig deeper and think harder on a subject of critical contemporary importance." --Thomas Carothers, Director, Democracy and Rule of Law Project, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace View All Endorsements

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126,51 zł

Russia and war MAX MILO

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

How Ukraine lost the war against RussiaWhy did Ukraine lose the war against Russia? How do the two sides think and conduct their operations? What mistakes were made on both sides? How did the West contribute to Ukraine's defeat?To answer these questions and many others, Jacques Baud draws on official information, American, Western and Russian documents that analyse Russian (and Soviet) strategies and tactics over the last 50 years. He explains how Russia understands and conducts war, and shows how our ignorance of this reality has pushed Ukraine towards defeat.  Following on from the bestsellers Putin, the master of the game, Operation Z and Ukraine between war and peace, whose analytical work has been acclaimed the world over and whose books have been translated in several countries (United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Russia, and soon Italy and Spain), the author returns to the war in Ukraine and more specifically to Russian operational art over the last two years, during the Second World War and the war in Afghanistan.Jacques Baud was a member of Swiss strategic intelligence, a specialist in Eastern Europe and former head of the United Nations peace operations doctrine. During the Cold War, he worked on Soviet military art and the war in Afghanistan. Within NATO, he was involved in programmes in Ukraine, particularly after the Ma

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51,75 zł

Future of War Penguin Books

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Where should we look for new dangers? What cunning plans might an aggressor have in mind? What are the best forms of defence? How might peace be preserved or conflict resolved? From the French rout at Sedan in 1870 to the relentless contemporary insurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan, Lawrence Freedman, one of the UK's foremost military thinkers, reveals how those who have imagined future war have often had an idealised notion of it as confined, brief and decisive - hence the stubborn persistence of the idea of a knockout blow, whether through a dashing land offensive or nuclear first strike or cyberattacks. He also notes the lack of attention paid to civil wars until the West began to intervene in them during the 1990s and how the boundaries between peace and war, between the military, the civilian, and the criminal are becoming increasingly blurred. Freedman's account of a century and a half of warfare and the (often misconceived) thinking that precedes war is a challenge to hawks and doves alike, and puts current strategic thinking into a bracing historical perspective

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178,57 zł

Economic Interdependence and War Princeton University Press

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Does growing economic interdependence among great powers increase or decrease the chance of conflict and war? Liberalists argue that the benefits of trade give states an incentive to stay peaceful. Realists contend that trade compels states to struggle for vital raw materials and markets. Moving beyond the stale liberal-realist debate, Economic Interdependence and War lays out a dynamic theory of expectations that shows under what specific conditions interstate commerce will reduce or heighten the risk of conflict between nations. Taking a broad look at cases spanning two centuries, from the Napoleonic and Crimean wars to the more recent Cold War crises, Dale Copeland demonstrates that when leaders have positive expectations of the future trade environment, they want to remain at peace in order to secure the economic benefits that enhance long-term power. When, however, these expectations turn negative, leaders are likely to fear a loss of access to raw materials and markets, giving them more incentive to initiate crises to protect their commercial interests.The theory of trade expectations holds important implications for the understanding of Sino-American relations since 1985 and for the direction these relations will likely take over the next two decades. Economic Interdependence and War offers sweeping new insights into historical and contemporary global politics and the actual nature of democratic versus economic peace.

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100,49 zł

War before Civilization Oxford University Press Inc

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The myth of the peace-loving "noble savage" is persistent and pernicious. Indeed, for the last fifty years, most popular and scholarly works have agreed that prehistoric warfare was rare, harmless, unimportant, and, like smallpox, a disease of civilized societies alone. Prehistoric warfare, according to this view, was little more than a ritualized game, where casualties were limited and the effects of aggression relatively mild. Lawrence Keeley's groundbreaking War Before Civilization offers a devastating rebuttal to such comfortable myths and debunks the notion that warfare was introduced to primitive societies through contact with civilization (an idea he denounces as "the pacification of the past"). Building on much fascinating archeological and historical research and offering an astute comparison of warfare in civilized and prehistoric societies, from modern European states to the Plains Indians of North America, War Before Civilization convincingly demonstrates that prehistoric warfare was in fact more deadly, more frequent, and more ruthless than modern war. To support this point, Keeley provides a wide-ranging look at warfare and brutality in the prehistoric world.He reveals, for instance, that prehistorical tactics favoring raids and ambushes, as opposed to formal battles, often yielded a high death-rate; that adult males falling into the hands of their enemies were almost universally killed; and that surprise raids seldom spared even women and children. Keeley cites evidence of ancient massacres in many areas of the world, including the discovery in South Dakota of a prehistoric mass grave containing the remains of over 500 scalped and mutilated men, women, and children (a slaughter that took place a century and a half before the arrival of Columbus). In addition, Keeley surveys the prevalence of looting, destruction, and trophy-taking in all kinds of warfare and again finds little moral distinction between ancient warriors and civilized armies. Finally, and perhaps most controversially, he examines the evidence of cannibalism among some preliterate peoples. Keeley is a seasoned writer and his book is packed with vivid, eye-opening details (for instance, that the homicide rate of prehistoric Illinois villagers may have exceeded that of the modern United States by some 70 times).But he also goes beyond grisly facts to address the larger moral and philosophical issues raised by his work. What are the causes of war? Are human beings inherently violent? How can we ensure peace in our own time? Challenging some of our most dearly held beliefs, Keeley's conclusions are bound to stir controversy.

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113,90 zł

Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism Routledge

Inne 1

The future security environment has been forecast in terms of nation-state clashes over natural resources, modernization, and culture. Yet America's security interests are more directly affected by the intractable tension between Muslims and non-Muslims within six specific regions: the Fertile Crescent, Balkans, Post-Soviet Region, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. These clashes have led to extreme violence and fuel terrorism not only within those regions, but globally. The National Intelligence Council forecasts within the next 15 years "weak governments, lagging economies, religious extremism, and youth bulges will align to create a perfect storm for internal conflict in certain regions." Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism illuminates the root causes of these crises and offers policy recommendations to prevent the coming storm.Countering grass-roots extremism is necessary to ameliorate conflict. However, foreign jihadists are ready to fight anywhere they believe Muslim lands are under attack. Thus it is important to understand the relationship between internal and external actors and domestic and foreign interests. To be successful, the United States must secure lasting peace and economic development in these regional flashpoints, which are primarily characterized in religious terms. By bringing together experts on each region, this book traces the historical roots of these conflicts, the impact of colonial powers imposing artificial boundaries on populations, how modernization transformed these conflicts by making them more deadly, and their link to the ideology of Political Islamic terrorism. Ultimately, Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism prioritizes US foreign policy challenges by identifying critical hot spots that stoke the fire of international terrorism.

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88,73 zł

Presidents' War Rowman & Littlefield

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For the first time, readers will experience America's gravest crisis through the eyes of the five former presidents who lived it. Author and historian Chris DeRose chronicles history's most epic Presidential Royal Rumble, which culminated in a multi-front effort against Lincoln's reelection bid, but not before: * John Tyler engaged in shuttle diplomacy between President Buchanan and the new Confederate Government. He chaired the Peace Convention of 1861, the last great hope for a political resolution to the crisis. When it failed, Tyler joined the Virginia Secession Convention, voted to leave the Union, and won election to the Confederate Congress. * Van Buren, who had schemed to deny Lincoln the presidency, supported him in his efforts after Fort Sumter, and thwarted Franklin Pierce's attempt at a meeting of the ex-Presidents to undermine Lincoln. * Millard Fillmore hosted Lincoln and Mary Todd on their way to Washington, initially supported the war effort, offered critical advice to keep Britain at bay, but turned on Lincoln over emancipation.* Franklin Pierce, talked about as a Democratic candidate in 1860 and '64, was openly hostile to Lincoln and supportive of the South, an outspoken critic of Lincoln especially on civil liberties. After Vicksburg, when Jefferson Davis's home was raided, a secret correspondence between Pierce and the Confederate President was revealed. * James Buchanan, who had left office as seven states had broken away from the Union, engaged in a frantic attempt to vindicate his administration, in part by tying himself to Lincoln and supporting the war, arguing that his successor had simply followed his policies. How Abraham Lincoln battled against his predecessors to preserve the Union and later to put an end to slavery is a thrilling tale of war waged at the top level of power.

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92,65 zł

On the Origins of War Random House USA Inc

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By lucidly revealing the common threads that connect the ancient confrontations between Athens and Sparta and between Rome and Carthage with the two calamitous world wars of the 20th century and the Cuban Missile Crisis, Kagan reveals new insights into the nature of war--and peace--that are vitally important and often surprising.

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