29,72 zł

Crisis TRANSWORLD PUBL. LTD UK

Literatura obcojęzyczna

Introducing Luke Carlton - ex-Special Boat Service commando, and now under contract to MI6 for some of its most dangerous missions. Sent into the steaming Colombian jungle to investigate the murder of a British intelligence officer, Luke finds himself caught up in the coils of a plot that has terrifying international dimensions. Hunted down, captured, tortured and on the run from one of South America`s most powerful and ruthless drugs cartels and its psychotic leader thirsting for revenge, Luke is in a life-or-death race against time to prevent a disaster on a truly terrifying scale: London is the target, the weapon is diabolical and the means of delivery is ingenious. Drawing on his years of experience reporting on security matters, CRISIS is Frank Gardner`s debut novel. Combining insider knowledge, up-to-the-minute hardware, fly on the wall insights with heart-in-mouth excitement, CRISIS boasts an irresistible, visceral frisson of authenticity: smart, fast-paced and furiously entertaining, here is a thriller for the 21st century. Full of tomorrow`s headlines, Crisis is a nerve-shredding thriller with an intimate knowledge of the world it portrays. This is intelligent, high-voltage story-telling of the very highest order.TONY PARSONS, bestselling author of The Murder Bag Written by someone who has been there, done that and knows what it`s about, Crisis is a thriller you just can`t put down.Sir ROGER MOORE Written by someone who has been there, done that and knows what it`s about, Crisis is a thriller you just can`t put down.Sir ROGER MOORE Gardner knows his subject - and it shows. A rattling good read. JOHN HUMPHRYS, BBC Broadcaster Fast, taut, tense, accurate. A terrific read.FREDERICK FORSYTH

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151,34 zł

New Depression John Wiley & Sons Inc

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Why the global recession is in danger of becoming another Great Depression, and how we can stop it When the United States stopped backing dollars with gold in 1968, the nature of money changed. All previous constraints on money and credit creation were removed and a new economic paradigm took shape. Economic growth ceased to be driven by capital accumulation and investment as it had been since before the Industrial Revolution. Instead, credit creation and consumption began to drive the economic dynamic. In The New Depression: The Breakdown of the Paper Money Economy , Richard Duncan introduces an analytical framework, The Quantity Theory of Credit, that explains all aspects of the calamity now unfolding: its causes, the rationale for the government's policy response to the crisis, what is likely to happen next, and how those developments will affect asset prices and investment portfolios. In his previous book, The Dollar Crisis (2003), Duncan explained why a severe global economic crisis was inevitable given the flaws in the post-Bretton Woods international monetary system, and now he's back to explain what's next.The economic system that emerged following the abandonment of sound money requires credit growth to survive. Yet the private sector can bear no additional debt and the government's creditworthiness is deteriorating rapidly. Should total credit begin to contract significantly, this New Depression will become a New Great Depression, with disastrous economic and geopolitical consequences. That outcome is not inevitable, and this book describes what must be done to prevent it. Presents a fascinating look inside the financial crisis and how the New Depression is poised to become a New Great Depression Introduces a new theoretical construct, The Quantity Theory of Credit, that is the key to understanding not only the developments that led to the crisis, but also to understanding how events will play out in the years ahead Offers unique insights from the man who predicted the global economic breakdown Alarming but essential reading, The New Depression explains why the global economy is teetering on the brink of falling into a deep and protracted depression, and how we can restore stability.

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51,75 zł

Rough Ride to the Future Penguin Books

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

In A Rough Ride to the Future, James Lovelock - the great scientific visionary of our age - presents a radical vision of humanity's future as the thinking brain of our Earth-system. James Lovelock, who has been hailed as 'the man who conceived the first wholly new way of looking at life on earth since Charles Darwin' (Independent) and 'the most profound scientific thinker of our time' (Literary Review) continues, in his 95th year, to be the great scientific visionary of our age. This book introduces two new Lovelockian ideas. The first is that three hundred years ago, when Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine, he was unknowingly beginning what Lovelock calls 'accelerated evolution', a process which is bringing about change on our planet roughly a million times faster than Darwinian evolution. The second is that as part of this process, humanity has the capacity to become the intelligent part of Gaia, the self-regulating Earth system whose discovery Lovelock first announced nearly 50 years ago. In addition, Lovelock gives his reflections on how scientific advances are made, and his own remarkable life as a lone scientist.The contribution of human beings to our planet is, Lovelock contends, similar to that of the early photosynthesisers around 3.4 billion years ago, which made the Earth's atmosphere what it was until very recently. By our domination and our invention, we are now changing the atmosphere again. There is little that can be done about this, but instead of feeling guilty about it we should recognise what is happening, prepare for change, and ensure that we survive as a species so we can contribute to - perhaps even guide - the next evolution of Gaia. The road will be rough, but if we are smart enough life will continue on Earth in some form far into the future. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974, James Lovelock is the author of more than 200 scientific papers and the originator of the Gaia Hypothesis (now Gaia Theory). His many books on the subject include Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (1979), The Revenge of Gaia (2006), and The Vanishing Face of Gaia (2009).In 2003 he was made a Companion of Honour by Her Majesty the Queen, in 2005 Prospect magazine named him one of the world's top 100 public intellectuals, and in 2006 he received the Wollaston Medal, the highest Award of the UK Geological Society.

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105,51 zł

Employee Experience Advantage - How to Win the War for Talent by Giving Employees the Workspaces they Want, the Tools they Need, and a Culture They John Wiley & Sons Inc

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Research Shows Organizations That Focus on Employee Experience Far Outperform Those That Don'tRecently a new type of organization has emerged, one that focuses on employee experiences as a way to drive innovation, increase customer satisfaction, attract and retain top talent, drive employee engagement, and improve overall performance. The Employee Experience Advantage is the first book of its kind to tackle this emerging topic that is becoming the #1 priority for business leaders around the world. Although everyone talks about employee experience nobody has really been able to explain concretely what it is and how to go about designing for it...until now.How can organizations truly create a place where employees want to show up to work versus need to show up to work? For decades the business world has focused on measuring employee engagement meanwhile global engagement scores remain at an all time low despite all the surveys and institutes that been springing up tackle this problem. Clearly something is not working. Employee engagement has become the short-term adrenaline shot that organizations turn to when they need to increase their engagement scores. Instead, we have to focus on designing employee experiences which is the long term organizational design that leads to engaged employees. This is the only long-term solution. Organizations have been stuck focusing on the cause instead of the effect. The cause is employee experience; the effect is an engaged workforce.Backed by an extensive research project that looked at over 150 studies and articles, featured extensive interviews with over 150 executives, and analyzed over 250 global organizations, this book clearly breaks down the three environments that make up every single employee experience at every organization around the world and how to design for them. These are the cultural, technological, and physical environments. This book explores the attributes that organizations need to focus on in each one of these environments to create COOL spaces, ACE technology, and a CELEBRATED culture. Featuring exclusive case studies, unique frameworks, and never before seen research, The Employee Experience Advantage guides readers on a journey of creating a place where people actually want to show up to work.Readers will learn:* The trends shaping employee experience* How to evaluate their own employee experience using the Employee Experience Score* What the world's leading organizations are doing around employee experience* How to design for technology, culture, and physical spaces* The role people analytics place in employee experience* Frameworks for how to actually create employee experiences* The role of the gig economy* The future of employee experience* Nine types of organizations that focus on employee experience* And much more!There is no question that engaged employees perform better, aspire higher, and achieve more, but you can't create employee engagement without designing employee experiences first. It's time to rethink your strategy and implement a real-world framework that focuses on how to create an organization where people want to show up to work. The Employee Experience Advantage shows you how to do just that.

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483,78 zł

Enterprise Risk Management John Wiley & Sons Inc

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Unlock the incredible potential of enterprise risk managementThere has been much evolution in terms of ERM best practices, experience, and standards and regulation over the past decade. Enterprise Risk Management: Today's Leading Research and Best Practices for Tomorrow's Executives, Second Edition is the revised and updated essential guide to the now immensely popular topic of enterprise risk management (ERM). With contributions from leading academics and practitioners, this book offers insights into what practitioners are doing and what the future holds. You'll discover how you can implement best practices, improve ERM tools and techniques, and even learn to teach ERM. Retaining the holistic approach to ERM that made the first edition such a success, this new edition adds coverage of new topics including cybersecurity risk, ERM in government, foreign exchange risk, risk appetite, innovation risk, outsourcing risk, scenario planning, climate change risk, and much more. In addition, the new edition includes important updates and enhancements to topics covered in the first edition; so much of it has been revised and enhanced that it is essentially an entirely new book.Enterprise Risk Management introduces you to the concepts and techniques that allow you to identify risks and prioritize the appropriate responses. This invaluable guide offers a broad overview, covering key issues while focusing on the principles that drive effective decision making and determine business success. This comprehensive resource also provides a thorough introduction to ERM as it relates to credit, market, and operational risk, as well as the evolving requirements of the board of directors' role in overseeing ERM.Through the comprehensive chapters and leading research and best practices covered, this book:* Provides a holistic overview of key topics in ERM, including the role of the chief risk officer, development and use of key risk indicators and the risk-based allocation of resources* Contains second-edition updates covering additional material related to teaching ERM, risk frameworks, risk culture, credit and market risk, risk workshops and risk profiles and much more. Over 90% of the content from the first edition has been revised or enhanced* Reveals how you can prudently apply ERM best practices within the context of your underlying business activitiesFilled with helpful examples, tables, and illustrations, Enterprise Risk Management, Second Edition offers a wealth of knowledge on the drivers, the techniques, the benefits, as well as the pitfalls to avoid, in successfully implementing ERM.

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86,32 zł

Ladies Like Us: A Modern Girl's Guide to Self-Discovery, Self-Confidence and Love The Darling Academy

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Ladies Like Us - A modern girl's guide to self-discovery, self-confidence and love. Society has long been failing generations of young women. Since the 1960s, the liberalisation of the feminine identity brought about a rapid decline in common courtesy, grace, morality and manners and has almost wiped out the value of what it means to be a lady. We have been told to set aside dreams of an old-fashioned romance in favour of discovering our sexuality, despite what our hearts tell us. Being "ladylike" has fallen aside for the rise of the sell-out sexy celebrity we are told to emulate. This movement has done little to help how young ladies view their God-given feminine identity today. Yet quietly, there is an underground movement among young women who are embracing old-fashioned values and returning to their original dreams after all that exhausting bra burning and man bashing. Gone are the six inch heels, boob jobs, big gobs and fake beauty and in its place a classy, kind, educated and romantic young woman worthy of catching any prince. The Darling Academy is a spiritual finishing school for any young woman who wishes to: Live free from negative thinking and crippling self-doubt Be graceful and elegant regardless of modern pressures and trends Learn to embrace her feminine energy and still "have it all" Enjoy and nurture herself and her relationships right now Have clear hope for her future and follow her dreams Ladies Like Us, the debut book from The Darling Academy shares honest, modern, fun and informative guidance on what it really means to be a young lady today. From finding your identity as a lady and feeling at home in your skin, to cultivating true grace, quiet self-confidence and how to surround yourself with everyday happiness. Welcome to the modern finishing school for ladies, we're glad you're joining us.

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182,39 zł

When Antibiotics Fail Biomed Publishing Group

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

OVER 7,500 COPIES SOLD WORLDWIDE About the book: There are enough books and websites about what Lyme Disease is and which ticks carry it. But there is very little useful information for people who actually have a case of Lyme Disease that is not responding to conventional antibiotic treatment. Lyme Disease sufferers need to know how to get better, not how to identify a tick. This book is about how experimental frequency devices known as "rife machines" have been used for over 15 years in private homes to successfully fight Lyme Disease. Many Lyme Disease sufferers have heard of rife machines, some have used them. But until now there has not been a concise and reliable source to explain how and why they work, and how and why other therapies fail. In the book you will learn that rife machine therapy offers numerous advantages over antibiotic therapy, including sustained effectiveness, affordability, convenience, autonomy from the medical establishment, and avoidance of candida complications. The Foreword for the book is by Richard Loyd, Ph.D., one of the nation s leading rife machine researchers and coordinator of the annual Rife International Health Conference. Rife machine expert Marc Fett and Coil Machine inventor Doug MacLean contribute their knowledge and experience in the book, as do several other prominent rife machine experts and Lyme Disease researchers. Throughout the book you will find stories of Lyme Disease sufferers who have used rife machines. You'll learn how they did it, what they would have done differently, and their experiences with other therapies. This book is user-friendly for people who have no prior knowledge of rife machines, but advanced enough to encompass documented scientific research and Lyme Disease pathology. The book contains critical rife machine information organized into a straight-forward and concise format. A detailed index and table of contents allow navigation to the topics you are interested in. The book takes a practical, down-to-earth approach which allows you to learn about: Why rife machines work after other therapies fail, including specific problems with antibiotics Sample rife machine treatment schedules and sessions The most effective rife machines: High Power Magnetic Pulser, EMEM machine, Coil Machine (also known as the Doug Device) and AC Contact Machine Explanation of the "herx reaction" and why it indicates progress Critical evaluation of leading alternative therapies, including mercury detoxification, ozone therapy, homeopathy, hyperbaric oxygen chamber, herbs, colloidal silver, colostrum, and more How use of multiple machines can lead to synergistic benefit and accelerated recovery What it feels like to use rife machines - discover the steps to healing Extensive discussion of antibiotics, including natural and herbal antibiotics The intriguing story that led to use of rife machines as a treatment for Lyme Disease - how it all began Answers for skeptics Safety and side effects A description of rife machine components How to combine rife machine therapy with other supportive therapies to accelerate progress Many other carefully selected subjects

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51,75 zł

Jeff Sutherland - Scrum Cornerstone

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

For those who believe that there must be a more agile and efficient way for people to get things done, here is a brilliantly discursive, thought-provoking book about the leadership and management process that is changing the way we live. In the future, historians may look back on human progress and draw a sharp line designating

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117,50 zł

Transformation Sprint: How to fix big transformation problems in just 4 weeks Independently Published

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

"Pragmatic, practical and timely, it fills a gap in our knowledge of transformation...."How do companies like Amazon, succeed time and time again with new projects, new platforms and new services? In the process, these champions of modern business, reinvent the way they get things done. They don't need to set up large digital transformation programs because they are always evolving anyway. That should be the goal of any good leader but how is it done?In Transformation Sprint, the author's aim is to unlock the secretes of transformation by focusing on the critical role of evolutionary learning in transformation design.It's 2021 and the world is in crisis. What's needed are these new agile planning tools that powered companies like Amazon to global leadership, tools that give you results even when the problems are large and imposing.The Transformation Sprint is a six step method that embraces agile thinking and agile practices and applies them to the problem of designing and executing significant change in an evolutionary way with strong learning mechanisms. 

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163,70 zł

Pthreads Programming O'Reilly Media

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Computers are just as busy as the rest of us nowadays. They have lots of tasks to do at once, and need some cleverness to get them all done at the same time. That's why threads are seen more and more often as a new model for programming. Threads have been available for some time. The Mach operating system, the Distributed Computer Environment (DCE), and Windows NT all feature threads. One advantage of most UNIX implementations, as well as DCE, is that they conform to a recently ratified POSIX standard (originally 1003.4a, now 1003.1c), which allows your programs to be portable between them. POSIX threads are commonly known as pthreads, after the word that starts all the names of the function calls. The standard is supported by Solaris, OSF/1, AIX, and several other UNIX-based operating systems. The idea behind threads programming is to have multiple tasks running concurrently within the same program. They can share a single CPU as processes do, or take advantage of multiple CPUs when available. In either case, they provide a clean way to divide the tasks of a program while sharing data.A window interface can read input on dozens of different buttons, each responsible for a separate task. A network server has to accept simultaneous calls from many clients, providing each with reasonable response time. A multiprocessor runs a number-crunching program on several CPUs at once, combining the results when all are done. All these kinds of applications can benefit from threads. In this book you will learn not only what the pthread calls are, but when it is a good idea to use threads and how to make them efficient (which is the whole reason for using threads in the first place). The authors delves into performance issues, comparing threads to processes, contrasting kernel threads to user threads, and showing how to measure speed. He also describes in a simple, clear manner what all the advanced features are for, and how threads interact with the rest of the UNIX system.Topics include: * Basic design techniques * Mutexes, conditions, and specialized synchronization techniques * Scheduling, priorities, and other real-time issues * Cancellation * UNIX libraries and re-entrant routines * Signals * Debugging tips * Measuring performance * Special considerations for the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE)

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178,27 zł

How Algorithms Create and Prevent Fake News APress

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

"It's a joy to read a book by a mathematician who knows how to write. [...] There is no better guide to the strategies and stakes of this battle for the future." ---Paul Romer, Nobel Laureate, University Professor in Economics at NYU, and former Chief Economist at the World Bank. "By explaining the flaws and foibles of everything from Google search to QAnon-and by providing level-headed evaluations of efforts to fix them-Noah Giansiracusa offers the perfect starting point for anyone entering the maze of modern digital media." - Jonathan Rauch, senior fellow at the Brookings Institute and contributing editor of The Atlantic From deepfakes to GPT-3, deep learning is now powering a new assault on our ability to tell what's real and what's not, bringing a whole new algorithmic side to fake news. On the other hand, remarkable methods are being developed to help automate fact-checking and the detection of fake news and doctored media. Success in the modern business world requires you to understand these algorithmic currents, and to recognize the strengths, limits, and impacts of deep learning---especially when it comes to discerning the truth and differentiating fact from fiction. This book tells the stories of this algorithmic battle for the truth and how it impacts individuals and society at large. In doing so, it weaves together the human stories and what's at stake here, a simplified technical background on how these algorithms work, and an accessible survey of the research literature exploring these various topics. How Algorithms Create and Prevent Fake News is an accessible, broad account of the various ways that data-driven algorithms have been distorting reality and rendering the truth harder to grasp. From news aggregators to Google searches to YouTube recommendations to Facebook news feeds, the way we obtain information today is filtered through the lens of tech giant algorithms. The way data is collected, labelled, and stored has a big impact on the machine learning algorithms that are trained on it, and this is a main source of algorithmic bias - which gets amplified in harmful data feedback loops. Don't be afraid: with this book you'll see the remedies and technical solutions that are being applied to oppose these harmful trends. There is hope. What You Will Learn

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140,79 zł

Tatami Galaxy HarperCollins Publishers Inc

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

An unfulfilled college student hurtles through four parallel realities to explore the what-might've-been and the what-should-never-be in this Groundhog Day meets The Midnight Library-esque novel from one of Japan's most popular authors.Our protagonist, an unnamed junior at the prestigious Kyoto University, is on the verge of dropping out. After rebelling against the dictatorial jock president of the film club, he and his worst and only friend, the diabolical creep Ozu, are personas non grata on campus. For three years, our protagonist has made all the wrong decisions, and now he's about to make another mistake. He and Ozu are preparing for revenge-a fireworks attack at the film club's welcoming party for new members. Then, a chance encounter with a self-proclaimed god sets the confused and distraught young man on a new course. Destiny will bring him together with Akashi, the blunt but charming sophomore he has a crush on-if he's brave enough to make a move. Yet our protagonist cannot get beyond his profound disillusionment and the moment is lost. But what if there's a universe where he did join the club of his dreams, ditched Ozu for good, and was confident enough to get the girl? A realm of possibility opens up for our protagonist as time rewinds, and from the four-and-a-half-foot tatami floor of his dorm room, he is plunged into a series of adventures that will take him to four parallel universes. In each universe, he is given the opportunity to start over as a freshman, in search of a rose-colored campus life.The inspiration behind the much-loved anime series, Tomihiko Morimi's contemporary classic is a fantastic journey through time and space, where a half-eaten castella cake, a photograph from Rome, and a giant cavity in a wisdom tooth hold the keys to self-discovery. A time-traveling romp that speaks to everyone who has wondered what if, The Tatami Galaxy will win readers' hearts over . . . and over . . . and over again.

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221,28 zł

Long Term Systemic Therapy Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

Systemic psychotherapy has long been conceptualised and practiced as brief psychotherapy, in both the public sector and in independent practice, but it is now increasingly becoming a longer term practice. This ground-breaking book examines the ways in which systemic theory can accommodate and formulate long term practice, and locates the boundaries of the systemic theories that both help to explain and give direction to such work. In doing so, it asks important questions such as: at what point might a practitioner need to incorporate and integrate other explanatory models into their systemic thinking? What does this mean for systemic practice? How does the relative longevity of the work impact the way practitioners build and maintain therapeutic relationships with the relational systems they assist? And what implications does such longevity have on, and for, the supervisory needs of systemic psychotherapists at the heart of the work? Given the absence of a rigorous evidence base for long term systemic therapy and practice, this book explores how practitioners can hold themselves ethically accountable for what they do and think. Written by some of the leading names in systemic thinking, this book provides an important new resource for both students and experienced professionals in family therapy seeking to enhance their practice and research.

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47,22 zł

P C Cast - Hidden Little, Brown Book Group

Książki / Literatura obcojęzyczna

I'd known it before we saw the fire trucks and the smoke. I'd known all hell had broken loose at the House of Night the moment it had been proven beyond all doubt that Neferet was on the side of Darkness. Only now I had a terrible feeling that outing Neferet would serve more to free her than to force her to pay the consequences for her lies and betrayals. At last, Zoey has what she wanted: the truth is out. Neferet's evil has been exposed, and the High Council is no longer on her side - but she's far from done wreaking havoc in the vampyre world. With the seeds of distrust sown and Darkness breeding chaos at the House of Night, everyone must band together - but that's proving to be more difficult than ever before. The twins are barely speaking and the House of Night's former enemy, Kalona, has now become their warrior, pushing their trust to the limits. To top it all off, Zoey is pretty darn sure she might be losing her mind - she saw something when she looked at Neferet's minion, Aurox, through the Seer Stone that she can hardly explain to herself, let alone her friends. Zoey knows that following her instincts might be just what they need to defeat evil...but if she's wrong, it could cause the destruction of those closest to her.With the tension at a breaking point and friendships on the line, can the nerd herd come together to stop the spread of Darkness before it's too late?

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54,10 zł

Third Reich in Power Penguin

Inne 1

The Third Reich in Power examines how it was possible for a group of ideological obsessives to remould a society famous for its sophistication and complexity into a one-party state directed at war and race hate.  Richard J. Evans shows how the Nazis won over the hearts and minds of German citizens, twisted science, religion and culture, and transformed the economy, education, law and order to achieve total dominance in German politics and society.  Drawing on an extraordinary range of research, blending narrative, description and analysis he creates a picture of a dictatorship consumed by visceral hatreds and ambitions, and driven by war. 'Authoritative history... impressive sweep... This essential book comes as a stark reminder, should we need one, of how much freedom a people is prepared to give away in a political climate dominated by fear.' Daily Telegraph Extract from The Third Reich in Power, 1933-1939 by Richard J. Evans Despised minorities were, to be sure, put in the concentration camps; but to focus exclusively on this ignores the much larger number of political and other deviants condemned by the courts and put in state prisons and penitentiaries.  The further in time we get from Nazi Germany, the more difficult it becomes for historians living in democratic political systems and in cultures which respect the rights of the individual to make the leap of imagination necessary to understand people's behaviour in a state such as Nazi Germany, where imprisonment, torture or even death might await anyone who dared to voice the slightest criticism of the regime and its leaders.  Those who approved of such repression were in all likelihood a minority, active supporters and functionaries of the Party like the Block Wardens, and a good number of middle- and upper-class, conservative Germans who thought the best place for Marxists to be was in prison anyway.  Even they, however, knew well enough that they had to be careful about what they said and did, and the dangers of not doing so became abundantly clear once opposition began to spread among these groups too.  The shots that killed Kurt von Schleicher, Herbert von Bose, Edgar Jung, Gustav von Kahr, Erich Klausener and Kurt von Bredow at the beginning of July 1934 were also a warning to upper- and middle-class conservatives to keep their heads down if they did not want them to be blown off. Ordinary conservative citizens like Luise Solmitz, who harboured no thoughts of political activism, may have turned aside from the bleak fact of the regime's willingness to murder its opponents, revealed so starkly in late June and early July 1934, in their relief that the order they craved had been restored; to such people, Röhm's stormtroopers seemed as great a menace as the Reichsbanner or the Red Front-Fighters' League of the Weimar years.  Yet behind closed doors they cannot have been oblivious to the fate of the conservative clique around Vice-Chancellor von Papen.  It was not only the third or so of the population who had been committed to the Marxist left before 1933 that was subject to massive intimidation.  Indeed, scarcely had the murderous violence of the 'Night of the Long Knives' receded, than an even larger minority than the Marxists, that of the German Catholics, began to be prosecuted and imprisoned as they gave vent to their increasingly critical views of the regime in public.  More general still were measures such as the Law on Malicious Gossip, which clamped down on the most trivial expressions of dissent and put people who told jokes about Hitler and Göring in prison.  These were mainly members of the German working class, it is true, but the working class after all made up around half the entire population, and middle- and even upper-class offenders in this respect were brought before the Special Courts as well.  Successful prosecutions under this law were a further instrument of mass intimidation, adding to the general climate of fear and helping to create the spiral of silence in which the regime could commit ever greater crimes without fear of public censure or opposition. The truth is that far from Nazi terror being levelled exclusively against small and despised minorities, the threat of arrest, prosecution and incarceration in increasingly brutal and violent conditions loomed over everyone in the Third Reich, even, as we have seen in the cases brought before the Special Courts, over members of the Nazi Party itself.  The regime intimidated Germans into acquiescence, visiting a whole range of sanctions upon those who dared to oppose it, systematically disorienting people, and depriving them of their traditional social and cultural milieux, such as the pub or the club or the voluntary association, above all where these could be seen as a potential source of resistance, as in the case of the labour movement.  Fear and terror were integral parts of the Nazis' armoury of political weapons from the very beginning.  The state and the Party could use them because within a few months of Hitler's appointment as Reich Chancellor, they had systematically deprived all Germans of virtually every basic human and civil right they had enjoyed under the Weimar Republic.  The law was no protection against the state if the state or any of its agencies suspected that a citizen was disinclined to demonstrate approval of its policies and purposes.  On the contrary, vast numbers of new, often draconian laws were decreed that gave the police, the Gestapo and the SS a virtual carte blanche to deal with anyone suspected of deviating from the norms of human behaviour laid down by the Third Reich for its citizens.  In this situation, it was not surprising that ordinary people and lower-level officials of the Nazi Party began to reinforce the atmosphere of pervasive terror and intimidation by sending their own unsolicited denunciations of deviants to the Gestapo. At the same time, the Gestapo was only one part of a much wider net of surveillance, terror and persecution cast by the Nazi regime over German society in the 1930s; others included the SA and SS, the Criminal Police, the prison service, the social services and employment offices, the medical profession, health centres and hospitals, the Hitler Youth, the Block Wardens and even apparently politically neutral organizations like tax offices, the railway and the post office.  All of these furnished information about deviants and dissidents to the Gestapo, the courts and the prosecution service, forming a polymorphous, uncoordinated but pervasive system of control in which the Gestapo was merely one institution among many.  Everything that happened in the Third Reich took place in this pervasive atmosphere of fear and terror, which never slackened and indeed became far more intense towards the end.  'Do you know what fear is?' an elderly worker asked an interviewer some years after it was all over:  'No. The Third Reich was fear.'  Yet terrorism was only one of the Third Reich's techniques of rule.  For the Nazis did not just seek to batter the population into passive, sullen acquiescence.  They also wanted to rouse it into positive, enthusiastic endorsement of their ideals and their policies, to change people's minds and spirits and to create a new German culture that would reflect their values alone.  This meant propaganda, and here too, as we shall now see, they went to unprecedented lengths to achieve their aims.

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Sklepy zlokalizowane w miastach: Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, Szczecin, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Katowice

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